- Core Principle: This article formally advocates for Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology, defined as the integration of results from multiple research approaches where each approach possesses uncorrelated sources of bias.
- Causal Inference: If different methods (e.g., observational studies, Mendelian Randomization, and clinical trials) all converge on the same causal conclusion, confidence in that finding is significantly strengthened, especially when method-specific biases would predict opposing results.
- Addressing Inconsistency: When results are inconsistent, the framework helps identify which source of bias (e.g., confounding, reverse causation) is most likely distorting a given approach, thereby guiding the direction of future, more focused research.
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